- D.A.Low, M. Nystrom, E. Kalinin, P. Parikh, J.F. Dempsey, J.D. Bradley, S. Mutic, S.H. Wahab, T. Islam, G. Christensen, D.G. Politte, and B.R. Whiting, A method for the reconstruction of 4-dimensional synchronized CT scans acquired during free breathing, Med. Phys.30, 1254-1263 (2003).
- Lu, P. Parikh, I. ElNaqa, M. Nystrom, J. Hubenschmidt, S. Wahab, S. Mutic, A. Sing, G. Christensen, J.D. Bradley, and D.A. Low, Quantitation of the reconstruction quality of a four-dimensional computed tomography process for lung cancer patients, Med. Phys. 32, 890-901 (2005).
- Lu, D.A. Low, P. J. Parikh, M. M. Nystrom, I. M. ElNaqa, S. H. Wahab, M. Handoko, D. Fooshee, and J. D. Bradley, Comparison of spirometry and abdominal height as four-dimensional computed tomography metrics in lung, Med. Phys. 32, 2351-2357 (2005).
- D.A.Low, P. J. Parikh, W. Lu, J. F. Dempsey, S. H. Wahab, J. P. Hubenschmidt, M. M. Nystrom, M. Handoko, and J. D. Bradley, A novel breathing motion model for radiation therapy, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 63, 921-929 (2005).
- A. Simon, G.E. Christensen, D.A. Low, and J.M. Reinhardt, Computed tomography studies of lung mechanics, Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 2, 517-521, 506-507 (2005).
- Lu, P.J. Parikh, J.P. Hubenschmidt, D.G. Politte, B.R. Whiting, J.D. Bradley, S. Mutic, and D.A. Low, Reduction of motion blurring artifacts using respiratory gated CT in sinogram space: A quantitative evaluation, Med. Phys. 32, 3295-3304 (2005).
- Lu, P.J. Parikh, J.P. Hubenschmidt, J.D. Bradley, and D.A. Low, A comparison between amplitude sorting and phase-angle sorting using external respiratory measurement for 4D CT, Med. Phys. 33, 2964-2974 (2006).
- El Naqa, D.A. Low, J.D. Bradley, M. Vicic, and J.O. Deasy, Deblurring of breathing motion artifacts in thoracic PET images by deconvolution, Med. Phys. 33, 3587-3600 (2006).
- D. Bradley, A.N. Nofal, I. El Naqa, W. Lu, J. Liu, J. Hubenschmidt, D.A. Low, R.E. Drzymala, D. Khullar, Comparison of helical, maximum intensity projection (MIP), and averaged intensity (AI) 4D CT imaging for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) planning in lung cancer, Radiother. Oncol. 81, 264-268 (2006).
- Lu, M.M. Nystrom, P.J. Parikh, D.R. Fooshee, J.P. Hubenshmidt, J.D. Bradley, and D.A. Low, A semi-automatic method for peak and valley detection in free-breathing respiratory waveforms, Med. Phys. 33, 3634-3636 (2006).
- Handels, R. Werner, T. Frenzel, D. Saring, W. Lu, D.A. Low and J. Erhardt, Generation of 4D CT image data and analysis of lung tumour mobility during the breathing cycle, Stud. Health. Technol. Inform. 124, 977-982 (2006).
- Erhardt, R. Werner, D. Säring, T. Frenzel, W. Lu, D.A. Low, and H. Handels, An optical flow based method for improved reconstruction of 4D CT data sets acquired during free breathing, Medical Physics 34, 711-721 (2007).
- E. Christensen, J.H. Song, W. Lu., I. El Naqa, and D.A. Low, Tracking Lung Motion with Inverse Consistent Image Registration. Med. Phys. 34, 2155-2163 (2007).
- Werner, H. Handels, J. Erhardt, D. Saring, T. Frenzel, W. Lu, and D.A. Low, Motion artifact reducing reconstruction of 4D CT image data for the analysis of respiratory dynamics, Methods Inf Med 46, 254-260 (2007).
- Handels, R. Werner, R. Schmidt, T. Frenzel, W. Lu, D.A. Low, and J. Ehrhardt, 4D medical image computing and visualization of lung tumor mobility in spatio-temporal CT image data, Int. J. Medical Informatics 76S, S433-S439 (2007).
- R. Olsen, W. Lu, J. P. Hubenschmidt, M. M. Nystrom, P. Klahr, J.D. Bradley, D.A. Low, and P. Parikh, Effect of a novel amplitude/phase binning algorithm on commercial 4DCT quality, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 70, 243-252 (2008).
- Yang, W. Lu, D.A. Low, J.O. Deasy, A. J. Hope, and I. El Naqa, 4D-CT motion estimation using deformable image registration and 5D respiratory motion modeling, Med. Phys. 35, 4577-4590 (2008).
- Li, H. Xie, H. Ning, W. Lu, D.A. Low, D. Citrin, A. Kaushal, L. Zach, K. Camphausen, and R. Miller, A novel analytical approach to prediction of respiratory diaphragm motion based on external torso volume change, Phys. Med. Biol. 54, 4113-4130 (2009).
- Zhao, W. Lu, D. Yang, S. Mutic, C. Noel, P. Parikh, J. Bradley, and D.A. Low, Characterization of free breathing patterns with 5D lung motion model, Med. Phys. 36, 5183-5189 (2009).
- Werner, B. White, H. Handels, W. Lu, and D.A. Low, Development of a tidal volume surrogate that replaces spirometry for physiologic breathing monitoring in 4D CT, Med. Phys. 37, 615-619 (2010).
- A. Low, T. Zhao, B. White. D. Yang, S. Mutic, C. Noel, J. Bradley, P. Parikh, and W. Lu, Application of the continuity equation to a breathing motion model, Med. Phys. 37, 1360-1364 (2010).
- White, D.A. Low, T. Zhao, W. Wuenschel, W. Lu, J. Lamb, S. Mutic, J. Bradley, and I. El Naqa, Investigation of a breathing surrogate prediction algorithm for prospective pulmonary gating, Med. Phys. 38, 1587-1595 (2011).
- Li, J. Lewis, X. Jia, T. Zhao, W. Liu, J. Lamb, D Yang, D.A. Low, S. Jiang, On a PCA-based lung motion model, Phys Med Biol. 56, 6009-6030 (2011).
- Zhao, B. White, K. Moore, J. Lamb, D. Yang, W. Lu, S. Mutic, and D.A. Low, Biomechanical interpretation of a free-breathing lung motion model, Phys. Med. Biol. 56, 7523-7540 (2011).
- Smith, D. Yang, A. Lee, M. Mayse, D.A. Low, and P. Parikh, The correlation of tissue motion within the lung: implications on fiducial based treatments, Med. Phys. 38, 5992-5997 (2011).
- A. Low, 4D imaging and 4D radiation therapy: a new era of therapy design and delivery, Front Radiat Ther Oncol 43, 99-117 (2011).
- Li, C. Noel, J. Garcia-Ramirez, D.A. Low, J. Bradley, C. Robinson, S. Mutic, and P. Parikh, Clinical evaluations of an amplitude-based binning algorithm for 4DCT reconstruction in radiation therapy, Med. Phys. 39, 922-932 (2012).
- Hu, S. Caruthers, D.A. Low, P. Parikh, and S. Mutic, Respiratory Amplitude Guided 4D Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 86, 198-204 (2013).
- White, T. Zhao, J. Lamb, S. Wuenschel, J. Bradley, I. El Naqa, and D.A. Low, Distribution of lung tissue hysteresis during free breathing, Med. Phy. 40, 043501-1-043501-8 (2013).
- D.A.Low, B. White, P. Lee, D. Thomas, S. Gaudio, S. Jani, X. Wu, and J. Lamb, A novel CT acquisition and analysis technique for breathing motion modeling, Phys. Med. and Biol. 58, L31-L36 (2013).
- White, T. Zhao, J. Lamb, J. Bradley, and D.A. Low, Quantification of the thorax-to-abdomen breathing ratio for breathing motion modeling, Med. Phys. 40, 063502-1 to 063502-5 (2013).
- White, T. Zhao, J. Lamb, J. Bradley, and D.A. Low, Technical Note: Physiologically guided approach to characterizing respiratory motion, Med. Phys. 40, 121723-1 to 121723-6 (2013).
- Thomas, J. Lamb, B. White, S. Jani, S. Gaudio, P. Lee, D. Ruan, M. McNitt-Gray, and D.A. Low, A novel fast-helical 4D-CT acquisition technique to generate low noise artifact-free images at user selected breathing phases, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 89 191-198 (2014).
- White, A. Santhanam, D. Thomas, Y, Min, J. Lamb, J. Neylon, S. Jani, S. Gaudio, S. Srinivasan, D. Ennis, and D.A. Low, Modeling and incorporating cardiac-induced lung tissue motion in a breathing motion model, Med. Phys. 41, 043501-1-043501-11 (2014).
- Ruan, D. Thomas, and D.A. Low, Objective function to obtain multiple representative waveforms for a novel helical CT scan protocol, Med. Phys. 42, 1164-1169 (2015).
- White, S. Vennarini, L. Lin, G. Freedman, A. Santhanam, D.A. Low and S. Both, Accuracy of routine treatment planning 4D and DIBH CT delineation of the left anterior descending artery in radiotherapy, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 91, 825-831 (2015).
- O’Connell, D. Thomas, T. Dou, J. Lamb, F. Feingold, M. Fuld, C. Hofmann, M. Shirk, C. Sloan, J. Sieren, E. Hoffman, and D.A. Low, Comparison of breathing gated CT images generated using a 5DCT technique and a commercial clinical protocol in a porcine model, Med. Phys. 42, 4033-4042 (2015).
- Dou, D. Thomas, D. O’Connell, J. Lamb, P. Lee, and D.A. Low, A method for assessing ground-truth accuracy of the 5DCT technique, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys, 93, 925-933 (2015).
- Dou, D. Thomas, D. O’Connell, J. Bradley, J. Lamb, and D.A. Low, Technical Note: Simulation of 4DCT tumor motion measurement errors, Med. Phys. 42, 6084-6089 (2015).
- Liu, X. Zhang, X. Zhang, H. Zhao, Y. Gao, D. Thomas, D.A. Low, and H. Gao, 5D respiratory model based image reconstruction algorithm for 4D cone-beam computed tomography, Inverse Problems 31, 115007, 21pp (2015).
- Kiely, A. Olszanski, S. Both, D.A. Low, and B. White, Quantitative early decision making metric for identifying irregular breathing in 4DCT, Med. Phys. 42, 5654-5660 (2015).
- Thomas, D. Ruan, P. Williams, J. Lamb, B. White, T. Dou, D. O’Connell, P. Lee, and D.A. Low, Is there an ideal set of prospective scan acquisition phases for fast-helical based 4D-CT?, Phys. Med. Biol. 61, N632-N641 (2016).
- Valdes, C. Lee, S. Tenn, P. Lee, C. Robinson, K. Iwamoto, D.A. Low, and J. Lamb, The relative accuracy of 4D dose accumulation for lung radiotherapy using rigid dose projection versus dose recalculation on every breathing phase, Med. Phys 44, 1120-1127 (2017).
- D.A.Low, L. Yang, J. Chen, D. O’Connell, J. Lewis, D. Thomas, and P. Lee, Technical Note: Analysis of motion blurring artifact in fast helical free breathing thoracic CT scans, Med. Phys. 44, 1456-1461 (2017).
- Hasse, D. O’Connell, Y. Min, J. Neylon, D.A. Low, and A. Santhanam, Estimation and validation of patient-specific high-resolution lung elasticity derived from 4DCT, Med. Phys. 45, 666-677 (2018).
- O’Connell, D. Ruan, D. Thomas, T. Dou, J. Lewis, A. Santhanam, P. Lee, and D.A. Low, A prospective gating method to acquire a diverse set of free-breathing CT images for model-based 4DCT, Phys. Med. Biol. 63, 10 pages (2018).
- O’Connell, D. Thomas, J. Lamb, J. Lewis, T. Dou, J. Sieren, M. Saylor, C. Hofmann, E. Hoffman, P. Lee, and D.A. Low, Dependence of subject-specific parameters for a fast helical CT respiratory motion model on breathing rate: an animal study, Physics in Medicine and Biology 63, 8pp (2018).
- McClelland, M. Modat, S. Arridge, H. Grimes, D. D’Souza, D. Thomas, D. O’Connell, D.A. Low, E. Kaza, D. Collins, M. Leach, and D. Hawkes, A generalized framework unifying image registration and respiratory motion models and incorporating image reconstruction, for partial image data or full images, Phys. Med. Biol. 62, 4273-4292 (2017).
- Thomas, J. Tan, J. Neylon, T. Dou, D. O’Connell, M. McNitt-Gray, P. Lee, J. Lamb, and D.A. Low, Investigating the minimum scan parameters required to generate free-breathing motion artefact-free fast-helical CT, Br. J. Radiol. 91 (2018).
- Han, Z. Zhou, D. Du, Y. Gao, S. Rashid, M. Cao, N. Shaverdian, J. Hegde, M. Steinberg, P. Lee, A. Raldow, D.A. Low, K. Sheng, Y. Yang, and P. Hu, Respiratory motion-resolved, self-gated 4D-MRI using rotating Cartesian K-Space (ROCK): Initial clinical experience on an MRI-guided radiotherapy system, Radiother. and Oncol 127, 467-473 (2018).
- O’Connell, N. Shaverdian, A. Kishan, D. Thomas, T. Dou, J. Lewis, J. Lamb, M. Cao, S. Tenn, P. Lee, and D.A. Low, Comparison of lung tumor motion measured using a model-based 4DCT technique and a commercial protocol, Practical Radiation Oncology 8, E175-E183 (2018).
- Chee, D. O’Connell, Y. Yang, K. Singhrao, D.A. Low, and J. Lewis, McSART: An iterative model-based, motion-compensated SART algorithm for CBCT reconstruction, Phys. Med. Biol. 64, 095013 (2019).
- O’Connell, D. Thomas, J. Lewis, K. Hasse, A. Santhanam, J. Lamb, M. Cao, S. Tenn, N. Agazaryan, P. Lee and D.A. Low, Safety-oriented design of in-house software for new techniques: A case study using a model-based 4DCT protocol, Med. Phys. 46, 1523-1532 (2019).
- Ginn, D. Ruan, D.A. Low, and J. Lamb, Image regression technique for motion prediction in MRI-guided radiotherapy, Med. Phys. 47, 404-413 (2019).
- Guo, G. Chee, D. O’Connell, S. Dhou, J. Fu, K. Singhrao, D. Ionascu, D. Ruan, P. Lee, D.A. Low, J. Zhao, and J. Lewis, Reconstruction of a high-quality volumetric image and a respiratory motion model from patient CBCT projections, Med. Phys. 46 3627-3639 (2019).
- Stiehl, M. Lauria, D. O’Connell, K. Hasse, I. Barjaktarevic, P. Lee, D.A. Low, and A. Santhanam, A quantitative analysis of biomechanical lung model consistency using 5DCT datasets, Med. Phys. 47, 5555-5567 (2020).
- Lauria, R. Navaratna, D. O’Connell, A. Santhanam, and D.A. Low, Technical Note: Investigating internal-external motion correlation using fast helical CT, Med. Phys. 48, 1823-1831 (2021).
- D.A.Low, D. O’Connell, M. Lauria, B. Stiehl, L. Naumann, P. Lee, J. Hegde, I. Barjaktarevic, J. Goldin, and A. Santhanam, Ventilation Measurements Using Fast-Helical Free-Breathing CT, Accepted for publication, Medical Physics, July 2021.
Evidence